Ld is given by the formula
Where phi is the diameter of the bar
Sigma-S is the strength of the bar
Tbd as follows -
For M20- 1.2
For M25-1.4
For M30-1.5
For M35-1.7
For M40 and above-1.9
These Tbd values are for mild steel bars, i.e, Fe250
For HYSD bars, like Fe415 and Fe500 multiply the...