as per IS 456:2000, chair shall be fixed 1 no in 1 Sq.M. however we need to understand the requirement of chair. it's a tool to maintain the spacing between two separate layers of slabs, footing etc. normally lower dia rebar tends to more sagging while placing in top layer. So may be in this...
1. Reinforcement Volume - 1 to 1.5% (Some time more than this in critical foundations)- Reference- My Experience
2. Air Content- up to 1%- Reference- IS 10262 Table 3
Dear friend,
It's just the balancing of water in concrete mix. Mostly Fine aggregate absolve the water content from atmosphere though rain, fog or any other way. we already know that in concrete, most important thing is to maintain water cement ratio. Now think if water increased via fine...
Construction drawings are provided by design/ Architecture team having all details respect to design or Architectural view while Shop drawings are the detailing of construction drawings pertaining all details for Actual construction/ Fabrication at site and prepared by detailer. Shop drawings...
As I know, there were two division in construction, one is Military (For Army purpose) and another one is Civil (For Civilian Purpose). That's why Civil engineers also called by name Engineer (Civil/ Non-military). So it is a complete word and doesn't have abbreviation.
As I understood your question, you're asking if lap bar shall be started 50 mm (2") above Horizontal construction joint. Yes, you're absolutely right about this. the reason behind to provide this gap for easy approach of concrete in area of old concrete in construction joint. If rebar will...
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