It's called efflorescence, It does not directly affect but creates salt crystals which are water soluble and later voids are created. The best way to get rid is prevention from chlorides when mixing water in the ingredients do check the chlorides level.
They also appear on Concrete surface if...
As per IS 1489 PPC should be equivalent to OPC 33 grade cement in terms of compressive strength, further it has more finer particles compared to OPC 33 and hence high permeability resistant compared to OPC, also heat of hydration is less.
Hi I hope you find the attachment helpful. The article is a Literature review on the use of palm kernell shells in concrete. The main objective is to find articles related to the topic the review has various reference.
From the picture shown it is not clear to see the proper foundation, but what it seems to be is raft foundation, here the coloumns of structure are sharing a common base and connected to each other with beams at the base. Raft foundation is used in places where bearing capacity of soil is less...
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