As per the Picture & even for honeycomb, there are many technical reasons.
1) Improper proportion of concrete mix.
2) Improper W\C ratio i.e. either more water or even less water than requirement as per design.
3) If only cover block is not there, than at surface bars may appear but inside concrete must be firm & compact.
4) Due to either less or even more vibration by needle or without needle, segregation may be there.
5) Due to improper shuttering, slurry may come out while compaction & vibration.