Wow - Is that a typical column rebar installation, with so many cross stirrups across the cage? Maybe the building codes are different in other countries, but I don't think I've ever seen a column with that much crossing reinforcement in it. How do you get a vibrator through that....???
This could have occurred from several different issues:
--Poorly mixed first load of concrete that "clogged" the bottom of the pour
--First load was old, lost its plasticity may have been placed
--A lack of mechanical vibration (but i don't know how you could get a pencil vibrator down all the way through all of those stirrups....)
--Slump must have been too low, possibly no plasticizer used.
Or it could have been a combination of several of these issues.