How to check Quality of Reinforcement Steel bars used for Construction of RCC Structure

Dnyan Deshmukh

Staff member
Quality of Reinforcement Steel Bars used for Construction of RCC Structure.
When a lot of steel received at site, First check the Manufacturer test certificate for its actual properties.
With each lot of steel, manufacturer should send a test certificate of same lot for test done at their laboratory.
Check for grade of steel mention in certificate and is as per the order or not.
Steel Lot.jpg

Steel bars may have rusting on it, do check closely to know either it is acceptable or not.
Steel received should be free from any contamination like, mud, dust, oil and any other foreign material etc.
Bars should not have splits and any other deformation on it.

Causes of Rusting:
Primary steel which is made from pure iron ore are likely to get rusted quicker compare to secondary steel.
Bars may get rusted due to contact with water or air and atmospheric condition.
rusting of bars.jpg
A brownish bars showing little rusting due to weathering are good for use.
Small amount of rust is good for bonding of steel and concrete.
If excessive scaling observed on the surface of bar, it should not be accepted.

Do Check for brand of steel, diameter and grade of steel embossed on steel bars.
Brand and grade.jpg

Cut the samples of 1 meter in length, min 4 nos of bars from different bundles.
Measure the length of cut bars by measuring it on at-least 4 sides and average out the length of bar.
Weight the bar on weight scale and record it in register.
Calculate the actual average weight per meter of bar for at-least 3 samples.
Compare the result of it with theoretical weight given in IS 1786
Rebar Weight Tolerance.png
Check the variation in weight is within limit or not as per IS specification.

After finding the results for nominal mass as satisfactory proceed further to do bend test.

Bend test should be carried out as specified in IS 1599 and using mandrels of size specified in IS 1786
Bend test mandrel specs.png

Rebar sample should be bent at 180 degree as per procedure stated in IS 1599.
Bend test picture.png
after this further process it to bend till 180 degree.
Bend test pic 2.png

At site we can bend it on bar bending machine using appropriate size mandrel.
sample tested bar.
Bend Test.jpg

After bending the bar check the surface of bar opposite to bend side (which got tension, elongated due to bending) for cracks and rupture visible to a person with normal or corrected vision.

If there is no sign of rupture and cracks, rebar meets the requirement of bend test.

Further to this a rebend test also can be done at site, if required. (IS specifies for doing but if it passes bend test, in general it will pass the rebend test too. You cand do it at side provided you have required arrangement at site for this test)

For Rebend Test
First bend the bar to including angle of 135 degree.
Keep it in boiling water at 100 degree for 30 minutes.
Then cool it down for some time.
After cooling bent it back to including angle of 157.5 degree

The rebar should not show any rupture or cracks to a person with normal or corrected vision.

Mandrel to use for Rebend test as specified in IS 1786
rebend test mandrel dia spec.png
Below is pic showing bend rebend test (Closely look at the direction of bending and re-bending, in order to do correct test)
Bend rebend pic.png

After getting satisfactory results, you can approve the steel for further usage in actual construction.

Keep practice of getting steel tested from third party laboratory at 200 metric tone or at each lot received which ever is acceptable for your management.

I personally did a bend and rebend test for 25mm and 32 mm bar by witnessing it in third party laboratories.
When steel failed at my site and got passed in multiple third party test.

When i did witness test, i shocked to see many laboratories don't have the equipment's to test it, as their current set up don't allow higher diameter bars to get bend and rebend test.
Either machine reach its maximum capacity or their is chance of accident if we do it as per specification (That same laboratories gave me report stating rebar failure, this is real condition at least in my area of NABL accredited labs)

So my suggestion to all, when you get doubt on quality of steel, you personally witness the test process to understand either steel passes the test or not.

To do value addition to company and your self, you can implement following practice during unload of steel at site;
Count the number of bars received.
Record the average length of bar by doing random measurements.
Calculate the actual weight of steel received as per theoretical weight and compare it with actual total weight.
Make comparative statement showing the variation in steel weight as per brand of steel.
Show it to your management which brands are supplying overweight steel.

Overweight steel though it is as per tolerance provided in IS 1786 will cause a loss of money to your company, by understanding the which steel brand manufacture to optimum level and produce less overweight steel you can reduce the indirect loss to your company.

If i receive 25mm steel with 3% over weight, technically there is nothing wrong. Steel meets the requirement of IS 1786.
Site will suffer for 3% wastage without actually wasting steel and waste count will always add this unaccounted 3% loss as wasted by site engineer unless it is recorded.
Saving those 3% may cause gain of crores of rupees which are going directly to pocket of supplier and causing indirect costs to project due to which site engineers suffers a lot to get promotion. It may help you to get up in your career.
This is just a one example of steel, if you do correct work you can save a lot to company and get return benefit for doing such jobs.


This is something comes from experience and not told in any books (Now a days i wont read book, if any author had catched it then i am not aware about it, to write something like this author should have practical experience of project ;) )

Hope this will help you in doing better testing of steel bars and satisfaction of doing it right.

We do not charge for replying to this thread nor to become a registered member.
You can always reply to thread with whatever you have to say. Even you can correct someone by replying, if you feel shared content is wrong.
This gives opportunity for content author to correct himself if he did some wrong, Also help others to learn a correct thing.
 
Quality of Reinforcement Steel Bars used for Construction of RCC Structure.
When a lot of steel received at site, First check the Manufacturer test certificate for its actual properties.
With each lot of steel, manufacturer should send a test certificate of same lot for test done at their laboratory.
Check for grade of steel mention in certificate and is as per the order or not.
View attachment 583

Steel bars may have rusting on it, do check closely to know either it is acceptable or not.
Steel received should be free from any contamination like, mud, dust, oil and any other foreign material etc.
Bars should not have splits and any other deformation on it.

Causes of Rusting:
Primary steel which is made from pure iron ore are likely to get rusted quicker compare to secondary steel.
Bars may get rusted due to contact with water or air and atmospheric condition.
View attachment 586
A brownish bars showing little rusting due to weathering are good for use.
Small amount of rust is good for bonding of steel and concrete.
If excessive scaling observed on the surface of bar, it should not be accepted.

Do Check for brand of steel, diameter and grade of steel embossed on steel bars.
View attachment 585

Cut the samples of 1 meter in length, min 4 nos of bars from different bundles.
Measure the length of cut bars by measuring it on at-least 4 sides and average out the length of bar.
Weight the bar on weight scale and record it in register.
Calculate the actual average weight per meter of bar for at-least 3 samples.
Compare the result of it with theoretical weight given in IS 1786
View attachment 587
Check the variation in weight is within limit or not as per IS specification.

After finding the results for nominal mass as satisfactory proceed further to do bend test.

Bend test should be carried out as specified in IS 1599 and using mandrels of size specified in IS 1786
View attachment 588

Rebar sample should be bent at 180 degree as per procedure stated in IS 1599.
View attachment 589
after this further process it to bend till 180 degree.
View attachment 590

At site we can bend it on bar bending machine using appropriate size mandrel.
sample tested bar.
View attachment 591

After bending the bar check the surface of bar opposite to bend side (which got tension, elongated due to bending) for cracks and rupture visible to a person with normal or corrected vision.

If there is no sign of rupture and cracks, rebar meets the requirement of bend test.

Further to this a rebend test also can be done at site, if required. (IS specifies for doing but if it passes bend test, in general it will pass the rebend test too. You cand do it at side provided you have required arrangement at site for this test)

For Rebend Test
First bend the bar to including angle of 135 degree.
Keep it in boiling water at 100 degree for 30 minutes.
Then cool it down for some time.
After cooling bent it back to including angle of 157.5 degree

The rebar should not show any rupture or cracks to a person with normal or corrected vision.

Mandrel to use for Rebend test as specified in IS 1786
View attachment 592
Below is pic showing bend rebend test (Closely look at the direction of bending and re-bending, in order to do correct test)
View attachment 593

After getting satisfactory results, you can approve the steel for further usage in actual construction.

Keep practice of getting steel tested from third party laboratory at 200 metric tone or at each lot received which ever is acceptable for your management.

I personally did a bend and rebend test for 25mm and 32 mm bar by witnessing it in third party laboratories.
When steel failed at my site and got passed in multiple third party test.

When i did witness test, i shocked to see many laboratories don't have the equipment's to test it, as their current set up don't allow higher diameter bars to get bend and rebend test.
Either machine reach its maximum capacity or their is chance of accident if we do it as per specification (That same laboratories gave me report stating rebar failure, this is real condition at least in my area of NABL accredited labs)

So my suggestion to all, when you get doubt on quality of steel, you personally witness the test process to understand either steel passes the test or not.

To do value addition to company and your self, you can implement following practice during unload of steel at site;
Count the number of bars received.
Record the average length of bar by doing random measurements.
Calculate the actual weight of steel received as per theoretical weight and compare it with actual total weight.
Make comparative statement showing the variation in steel weight as per brand of steel.
Show it to your management which brands are supplying overweight steel.

Overweight steel though it is as per tolerance provided in IS 1786 will cause a loss of money to your company, by understanding the which steel brand manufacture to optimum level and produce less overweight steel you can reduce the indirect loss to your company.

If i receive 25mm steel with 3% over weight, technically there is nothing wrong. Steel meets the requirement of IS 1786.
Site will suffer for 3% wastage without actually wasting steel and waste count will always add this unaccounted 3% loss as wasted by site engineer unless it is recorded.
Saving those 3% may cause gain of crores of rupees which are going directly to pocket of supplier and causing indirect costs to project due to which site engineers suffers a lot to get promotion. It may help you to get up in your career.
This is just a one example of steel, if you do correct work you can save a lot to company and get return benefit for doing such jobs.


This is something comes from experience and not told in any books (Now a days i wont read book, if any author had catched it then i am not aware about it, to write something like this author should have practical experience of project ;) )

Hope this will help you in doing better testing of steel bars and satisfaction of doing it right.

We do not charge for replying to this thread nor to become a registered member.
You can always reply to thread with whatever you have to say. Even you can correct someone by replying, if you feel shared content is wrong.
This gives opportunity for content author to correct himself if he did some wrong, Also help others to learn a correct thing.
While identification of reinforcement steel / taking out sample of reinforcement steel for testing, heat number as given in MTC is important. Manufacturer has to share heat numbers for the consignments dispatched.
Physical & chemical properties of reinforcement steel vary with heat number. Heat number should also be embossed on metal badges which are fixed with steel bar bundels, when received at site. ( Mostly intact in case of primary suppliers like TISCON, SAIL, RINL, JSW etc.
 

VIDHYA SAGAR

Senior Member
For larger dia of bars, we are checking the theoretical weight by counting numbers of bars and average length (by marking chalk on bar end) and comparing the steel invoice.
 

Jayant Joshi

Senior Member
If i receive 25mm steel with 3% over weight, technically there is nothing wrong. Steel meets the requirement of IS 1786.
Site will suffer for 3% wastage without actually wasting steel and waste count will always add this unaccounted 3% loss as wasted by site engineer unless it is recorded.
Saving those 3% may cause gain of crores of rupees which are going directly to pocket of supplier and causing indirect costs to project due to which site engineers suffers a lot to get promotion. It may help you to get up in your career.
This is just a one example of steel, if you do correct work you can save a lot to company and get return benefit for doing such jobs.

This is something comes from experience and not told in any books (Now a days i wont read book, if any author had catched it then i am not aware about it, to write something like this author should have practical experience of project ;) )



Dear
Same is the case with structural steel works.

Normally at site we find requirement by calculating running meters for various meters and by multiplying related weight we raise our requirements.

The steel is being procured on weight basis.

The work is again carried out on meter basis and bills are generated by multiplying standard weight, this is affecting hugely on cost of project.
 

amd007

Elite Member
Quality of Reinforcement Steel Bars used for Construction of RCC Structure.
When a lot of steel received at site, First check the Manufacturer test certificate for its actual properties.
With each lot of steel, manufacturer should send a test certificate of same lot for test done at their laboratory.
Check for grade of steel mention in certificate and is as per the order or not.
View attachment 583

Steel bars may have rusting on it, do check closely to know either it is acceptable or not.
Steel received should be free from any contamination like, mud, dust, oil and any other foreign material etc.
Bars should not have splits and any other deformation on it.

Causes of Rusting:
Primary steel which is made from pure iron ore are likely to get rusted quicker compare to secondary steel.
Bars may get rusted due to contact with water or air and atmospheric condition.
View attachment 586
A brownish bars showing little rusting due to weathering are good for use.
Small amount of rust is good for bonding of steel and concrete.
If excessive scaling observed on the surface of bar, it should not be accepted.

Do Check for brand of steel, diameter and grade of steel embossed on steel bars.
View attachment 585

Cut the samples of 1 meter in length, min 4 nos of bars from different bundles.
Measure the length of cut bars by measuring it on at-least 4 sides and average out the length of bar.
Weight the bar on weight scale and record it in register.
Calculate the actual average weight per meter of bar for at-least 3 samples.
Compare the result of it with theoretical weight given in IS 1786
View attachment 587
Check the variation in weight is within limit or not as per IS specification.

After finding the results for nominal mass as satisfactory proceed further to do bend test.

Bend test should be carried out as specified in IS 1599 and using mandrels of size specified in IS 1786
View attachment 588

Rebar sample should be bent at 180 degree as per procedure stated in IS 1599.
View attachment 589
after this further process it to bend till 180 degree.
View attachment 590

At site we can bend it on bar bending machine using appropriate size mandrel.
sample tested bar.
View attachment 591

After bending the bar check the surface of bar opposite to bend side (which got tension, elongated due to bending) for cracks and rupture visible to a person with normal or corrected vision.

If there is no sign of rupture and cracks, rebar meets the requirement of bend test.

Further to this a rebend test also can be done at site, if required. (IS specifies for doing but if it passes bend test, in general it will pass the rebend test too. You cand do it at side provided you have required arrangement at site for this test)

For Rebend Test
First bend the bar to including angle of 135 degree.
Keep it in boiling water at 100 degree for 30 minutes.
Then cool it down for some time.
After cooling bent it back to including angle of 157.5 degree

The rebar should not show any rupture or cracks to a person with normal or corrected vision.

Mandrel to use for Rebend test as specified in IS 1786
View attachment 592
Below is pic showing bend rebend test (Closely look at the direction of bending and re-bending, in order to do correct test)
View attachment 593

After getting satisfactory results, you can approve the steel for further usage in actual construction.

Keep practice of getting steel tested from third party laboratory at 200 metric tone or at each lot received which ever is acceptable for your management.

I personally did a bend and rebend test for 25mm and 32 mm bar by witnessing it in third party laboratories.
When steel failed at my site and got passed in multiple third party test.

When i did witness test, i shocked to see many laboratories don't have the equipment's to test it, as their current set up don't allow higher diameter bars to get bend and rebend test.
Either machine reach its maximum capacity or their is chance of accident if we do it as per specification (That same laboratories gave me report stating rebar failure, this is real condition at least in my area of NABL accredited labs)

So my suggestion to all, when you get doubt on quality of steel, you personally witness the test process to understand either steel passes the test or not.

To do value addition to company and your self, you can implement following practice during unload of steel at site;
Count the number of bars received.
Record the average length of bar by doing random measurements.
Calculate the actual weight of steel received as per theoretical weight and compare it with actual total weight.
Make comparative statement showing the variation in steel weight as per brand of steel.
Show it to your management which brands are supplying overweight steel.

Overweight steel though it is as per tolerance provided in IS 1786 will cause a loss of money to your company, by understanding the which steel brand manufacture to optimum level and produce less overweight steel you can reduce the indirect loss to your company.

If i receive 25mm steel with 3% over weight, technically there is nothing wrong. Steel meets the requirement of IS 1786.
Site will suffer for 3% wastage without actually wasting steel and waste count will always add this unaccounted 3% loss as wasted by site engineer unless it is recorded.
Saving those 3% may cause gain of crores of rupees which are going directly to pocket of supplier and causing indirect costs to project due to which site engineers suffers a lot to get promotion. It may help you to get up in your career.
This is just a one example of steel, if you do correct work you can save a lot to company and get return benefit for doing such jobs.


This is something comes from experience and not told in any books (Now a days i wont read book, if any author had catched it then i am not aware about it, to write something like this author should have practical experience of project ;) )

Hope this will help you in doing better testing of steel bars and satisfaction of doing it right.

We do not charge for replying to this thread nor to become a registered member.
You can always reply to thread with whatever you have to say. Even you can correct someone by replying, if you feel shared content is wrong.
This gives opportunity for content author to correct himself if he did some wrong, Also help others to learn a correct thing.

Superb article on Checking of quality of steel at site....... Sirji,

Would like to add one additional point:

While receiving the steel ensure that stores person goes to the weigh scale where the loaded truck will be weighed.
After the weight is done, stores person should get on to the vehicle and come along with the truck on to the site.
Then follow the procedure of the physical counting of bars and the length of the bar and make a summary as described by you.
Then again the same store person has to go on the empty vehicle to the same weight scale and again do the empty weight of the truck.
This will ensure that there is no cheating by the transporter...... the reason am mentioning this is that the transporters play mischief and are most of the time tied up with the weigh scale person for manipulation of the weight and this causes a lot of losses to the client.

I have caught a lot of transporters cheating by placing water containers, sand bags etc in secret compartments made specifically to add additional weight and empty the same after they reach site. Most of you, if you were vigilant enough, may have caught such thieves in your respective sites. This kind of cheating causes engineers lot of problems at the time of reconcialiation. So be watchful.......
 

VIDHYA SAGAR

Senior Member
Mail sent to SAIL regarding the clarification needed:

Dear sir,
Yesterday we have received SAIL steel.
16 mm rebar itself indicating SAIL CS5.
Here our client asking what is means of CS5.
Please clarify the same to resolve the issue at site.
With regards.


Reply main from SAIL.

Dear Sir,

The CODE: CS5 is our internal code to understand the production unit, where it is being produced. It has got no link with Quality of material.
The Quality of the material can be seen from the MTC. The Brand name i.e. SAIL TMT EQR may also mentioned on the material.

This is for your clarification.

Thanking you

For Steel Authority Of India Ltd.